Ohio White Grub Raster Patterns
Correct identification of white grub species is important in determining management strategies and timing of controls. The raster pattern is the arrangement of bristles and hairs on the underside of the tip of the abdomen. A 10x hand lens is needed to see this pattern on most mature white grubs. A microscope may be necessary to view smaller grubs or the Ataenius raster.
Long-term sustainable production of grapes for wine making is increasingly tied to a clear and accurate knowledge of vineyard conditions, which often are variable due to inconsistent weather from season to season, especially in the eastern United States. In addition, climate change (such as increased heat accumulation and rainy events) is predicted to increase this variability.
Maintaining a healthy looking, yet safe tree is an important plant health care challenge for homeowners. Although trees are strong and durable, they are susceptible to physical injury such as that caused by ice and windstorms, as well as lawnmower and other mechanical wounds. When trees are wounded, the newly uncovered tissue is exposed to canker pathogens and decay microorganisms that infect the tree.
Billbugs are weevils (commonly called snout beetles) that belong to the family Curculionidae that commonly infest high-cut turfgrass species. The bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus Gyllenhal, is the most frequently encountered billbug in the state of Ohio, while the lesser billbug, S. mimimus, and hunting billbug, S. venatus, are known as occasional pests.
Ohio cropland values show signs of falling slightly while cash rents show signs of leveling off or seeing modest increases depending on the region and land productivity. Ohio cropland values are expected to decrease from 2.4% to 4.9% in 2009 while cash rents are expected to range from a decrease of 0.24% to an increase of up to 1.24%.
Amputations are all too common, accounting for 11% of all agricultural related injuries. On the farm, injuries resulting in an amputation are typically caused by entanglement, entrapment, crushing injuries, or infection from a traumatic injury. Upper extremity amputations can include finger amputations, hand amputations, and arm amputations either below-elbow or above-elbow. Other limitations due to traumatic injury to the upper extremities include decreased strength, reduced range of motion or limited function due to tendon, muscle, nerve, or joint damage.
Farming with physical limitations increases risk in an already dangerous occupation and can lead to secondary injuries. Often these secondary injuries occur because the farmer may attempt work tasks that exceed his/her abilities. Secondary injuries caused by repetitive motion can be prevented by always considering the body's limitations.
The causes of repetitive motion injuries can be classified in the following ways:
Concussions are a mild form of traumatic brain injury, however, they are the most common traumatic injury to the brain. Concussions are usually caused by a bump or blow to the head. Most people associate concussions with athletics or sporting events, but due to the nature of the work, farmers are at a high risk of this form of traumatic brain injury. Slips, trips, and falls are a common hazard that can cause a concussion.
Amputations are all too common, accounting for 11% of all agricultural related injuries. On the farm, injuries resulting in an amputation are typically caused by entanglement, entrapment, crushing injuries, or infection from a traumatic injury. Lower extremity amputations can include toe amputations, foot amputations, and leg amputations either below-knee or above-knee. Other limitations due to traumatic injury to the lower extremities include decreased strength or function due to tendon, muscle, nerve, or joint damage.
You may not consider yourself a family caregiver; in fact, individuals view themselves as just "doing the right thing." However, anyone who provides physical and/or emotional care for a family member with limitations is considered a family caregiver. The "family" in family caregiver is deceiving because a family caregiver is anyone who shows up to help, biological family or not. Caregivers can experience an extreme range of emotions, over an extended period of time.
