Battery Safety for Trainers and Supervisors

Tailgate Safety Training for Landscaping and Horticultural Services

AEX-892.2.02

Agriculture and Natural Resources

Date:

05/25/2018

Agricultural Safety and Health Program

Objective: Use and store batteries safely.

Trainer’s Note

Batteries produce power on demand—and injuries on occasion. For this module:

Discuss the information below on different types of batteries.
Ask workers to identify the battery types used in your operation.
Show examples of the types of batteries you use and their features.
Demonstrate how to connect a battery safely.
Have workers practice connections as you supervise closely.
Review the important points.
Have workers take the True/False quiz to check their learning.

Background

Lead-acid storage batteries are chemical storage devices that produce power. The typical battery has a number of cells with layers of lead plates in sulfuric acid. When sulfuric acid contacts the lead plate inside the cell, energy is produced. The main battery terminals are the positive and negative posts. The battery may also have vent caps on top. These permit the checking and maintenance of water and acid levels. They also provide a vent for the escape of gases formed when the battery charges.

Types of Batteries

Car-starting batteries start cars and trucks quickly at minimum weight, size, and cost. These batteries have lead sponges rather than sturdy lead plates. These thin sponges are delicate and start to break down after less than 100 cycles.

Deep-cycle batteries are compact and inexpensive. They should last for 200 to 400 charge-discharge cycles. These storage batteries are packaged in the same small automotive case and contain somewhat thicker plates of lead. Avoid acid spills by placing the battery in an upright and level position.

Gel-cell batteries are used in aircraft and are portable. They are usually small and work in any position. They have sealed gel cells to prevent acid vapors and spills. If charged or discharged too rapidly, gas will build up, causing the battery case to rupture. Besides possible rupture, storage at temperatures above 78 degrees Fahrenheit accelerates self-discharge and shortens the battery’s life. This battery is more expensive but safer and cleaner.

Lithium-Ion Batteries are often used in power tools. They offer more power and longer charges than traditional Nickel-Cadmium batteries, but poorly designed or constructed battery compartments can lead to overheating and fires. The National Fire Protection Association suggests choosing a device with the seal of an independent testing laboratory.

Safety Tips for Working With Batteries

Keep sparks and flames away from the battery. Inspect the battery in natural light.
Remove wristwatches, which might make electrical contact and create sparks.
Wear gloves and a chemical apron when handling lead acid batteries. Sulfuric acid can cause painful burns that damage tissue. Battery surfaces often have a film of acid mist and lead that has leached out of the battery.
Wear chemical splash goggles or a face shield with splash protection when inspecting or cleaning the battery. For more details, see the Tailgate Safety Training module Personal Eye Protection.
If acid does enter the eye, immediately flush with running water for at least 30 minutes. See a doctor as soon as possible.
If acid contacts the skin, wash the affected area immediately with plenty of water.
Avoid chemical burns by not rubbing eyes or skin while working with the battery.
Wash your hands immediately after completing the job.
Clean up all acid spills and flush clothing with a water and baking soda solution.
Vent caps should be tight and level. Placing a damp cloth over vent caps when charging may act as a flame arrester.
Keep batteries away from children.
Smoking or open flames should never be present in a battery area, and ventilation is important.
Store batteries in a cool, dry place. Storage temperature should be between 32 and 80 degrees Fahrenheit.
Always make the negative/ground connection first, then the live connection.
A match, incorrect connection of battery cables, or careless use of tools around the battery can set off explosive gases.
Employers should provide face shields, aprons, and rubber gloves to employees handling acids or batteries [OSHA 1296.441(a)(5)].
Facilities for quick drenching of the eyes and body shall be provided within 25 feet (7.62 m) of battery handling areas [OSHA 1926.441 (a)(6)]
Battery charging stations shall be located in areas designated for that purpose. [OSHA 1926.441 (b)(1)]
Parking brakes shall be applied before batteries are charged or changed. [OSHA 1917.157 (e)]
When a jumper battery is connected to a battery in a vehicle, the ground lead shall connect to ground away from the vehicle’s battery. Ignition, lights, and accessories on the vehicle shall be turned off before connections are made. [OSHA 1917.157 (f)]
Battery handling equipment which could contact battery terminals or cell connectors shall be insulated or otherwise protected. [OSHA 1917.157 (k)]
Use proper lifting techniques when moving batteries. Batteries are small but heavy and awkward to lift. For more information, see the Tailgate Safety Training module Preventing Lifting and Overexertion Injuries.

How to properly jump-start a vehicle using another vehicle’s battery:

Do not allow the cable clamps to come into contact with each other throughout the process. Make sure both vehicles are off.
Attach the positive (+) cable (usually red) to the positive terminal on the dead battery.
Attach the positive cable to the positive terminal on the good battery.
Attach the negative (-) cable (usually black) to the negative post on the good battery.
Attach the negative cable to a solid unpainted metal surface on the vehicle that won’t start.
Start the vehicle with power and allow to run for 2 to 5 minutes.
Start the vehicle with the poor battery.
Remove the cables in reverse order. (meineke.com)

Review These Important Points

There are different types of batteries for different jobs.
Smoking or an open flame should be kept away from batteries.
Protect the eyes, face, and body from battery acid.
Live connection directly to the battery should not be made.
Ensure there are designated battery charging stations, and that they are properly equipped.
Batteries should always be stored in a proper manner in the right conditions.
How to properly connect cables for the purpose of jump-starting a dead battery.

About These Modules
The author team for the training modules in the landscape and horticultural tailgate training series includes Dee Jepsen, Program Director, Agricultural Safety and Health, Ohio State University Extension; Michael Wonacott, Research Specialist, Vocational Education; Peter Ling, Greenhouse Specialist; and Thomas Bean, Agricultural Safety Specialist. Modules were developed with funding from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S. Department of Labor, Grant Number 46E3-HT09.

Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture or the U.S. Department of Labor.