Agronomic Crops Team On-Farm Research Projects 2001

Special Circular 187

Yield and Quality Characteristics of Food-Type Soybeans

Greg La Barge, Extension Agent, Agriculture and Natural Resources

Objective

To determine yield, protein, and oil characteristics of food-type soybean varieties.

Background

Cooperator:	Bill Shininger	Fertilizer:	None
County:	Fulton	Herbicide:	Dual 2 pts/A
Soil Type:	Mermill loam		Raptor 4 oz/A
Tillage:	Chisel plow fall, field		Fusion 12 oz/A
	cultivator (spring)	Variety:	See table
Previous Crop:	Corn	Planting Date:	May 11, 2001
Soil Test:	pH 7.1, P 53 ppm,	Seeding Rate:	200,000 seeds/A
	K 230 ppm, OM 2.2%,	Harvest Pop:	165,000 plants/A (avg.)
	CEC 8.1 meq/100g	Harvest Date:	October 29, 2001

Methods

The plot design was a randomized complete block with four replications. Plots were 10 ft. x 120 ft. with a harvest area of 7.5 ft. x 100 ft. The plots were planted with a Great Plains no-till drill with 10-inch row spacing. Varieties were solicited with clear or yellow hilum from several companies who donated the seed. The growing season started wet in May after planting and was dry during July and August and then wet in October. Samples were collected at harvest for analysis of protein, oil, and seed size with analysis performed by the USDA Federal Grain Inspection Service, Maumee, Ohio, using standard analytical procedures defined under the United States Grain Standards Act.

Table 1. Variety Characteristics.
Varieties	Maturity	Hilum Color	Company Providing Seed
Pioneer 9305	3.0	Yellow	Pioneer Hybrid International Inc., Des Moines, Iowa
Pioneer 93B45	3.4	Black	Pioneer Hybrid International Inc., Des Moines, Iowa
Pioneer 93B82	3.8	Black	Pioneer Hybrid International Inc., Des Moines, Iowa
OFG1	3.2	Yellow	Utz Seed Farm, New Washington, Ohio
Beeson	2.6	Yellow	NOSCO Seed/The Andersons, Maumee, Ohio
DFFood+	2.2	Yellow	DF Seeds, Danville, Michigan
Rupp RXP 2702	2.8	Yellow	Rupp Seeds, Inc., Wauseon, Ohio
IA2041	2.4	Yellow	Shininger Quality Seeds, Delta, Ohio
SQC 2900F	3.1	Yellow	Shininger Quality Seeds, Delta, Ohio
Rupp RXP 2704	2.8	Yellow	Rupp Seeds, Inc., Wauseon, Ohio
DF222	2.2	Yellow	DF Seeds, Danville, Michigan

Results

Table 2. Soybean Yield. Variety Average Yield (bu/A) * Pioneer 93B82 43.7 a    Pioneer 93B45 41.8 a    SQC 2900F 36.7  b   Rupp 2702 36.4  b   DF 222 35.4  b   Pioneer 9305 34.9  b   Rupp 2704 34.6  b   OFG1 33.2  bc  IA2041 29.8   c  Beeson 29.7   cd DF Food+ 28.4    d * Yields followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other. LSD (0.05) = 3.8 bu/A CV = 7.6%

Table 3. Soybean Percent Oil. Variety Oil % * DF 222 19.8 a      DF Food+ 19.0  b     Beeson 18.8  b     Pioneer 9305 18.8  b     Pioneer 93B82 18.3   c    Pioneer 93B45 18.0   cd   SQC 2900F 18.0    d   IA 2041 17.9    d   OFG1 17.8    de  Rupp 2702 17.5     ef Rupp 2704 17.3      f * Percent oil followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other. LSD (0.05) = 0.3 percent CV = 1.2%

Table 4. Soybean Percent Protein. Variety Protein % * IA 2041 38.4 a       Rupp 2702 37.5  b      OFG1 37.3  bc     Rupp 2704 36.9   cd    Pioneer 93B82 36.7    d    Beeson 35.8     e   SQC 2900F 35.8     e   Pioneer 9305 35.8     e   DF 222 35.5     ef  Pioneer 93B45 35.1      f  DF Food+ 34.2       g * Percent protein followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other. LSD (0.05) = 0.5 percent CV = 1.0%

Table 5. Soybean Seed Size. Variety Seeds/pound * DF Food+ 2993 a         DF 222 2656  b        Pioneer 93B82 2501   c       Pioneer 93B45 2417   cd      Beeson 2383    de     IA2041 2290     ef    Pioneer 9305 2285     ef    Rupp 2704 2188      fg   SQC 2900F 2125       g   Rupp 2702 1920        h  OFG1 1693         i * Seed sizes of varieties followed by the same letter are not significantly different from each other. LSD (0.05) = 112.8 seeds/pound CV = 3.4%

Discussion

The two black hilum Pioneer varieties are conventional varieties and were included for comparison of yields. Desirable food type beans for export markets have a higher protein and larger seed characteristics. Varieties that were higher in protein tended to be lower in oil content. The variety with the highest protein was the IA 2041 followed by Rupp 2702 and OFG1. The variety with the largest seed size was OFG1 followed by Rupp 2702.

A wide range of maturities existed in this field trial. As it turned out for 2001, no problems existed with shatter or harvest loss due to a wet October. Moldy beans were starting to appear in the harvested beans but did not affect the test for quality or yield. Food type soybeans have the general characteristics of having a yellow or clear hilum, larger seed size, and higher protein contents. Premiums for varieties are often based on yield differentials with standard varieties. Yield information such as this can be used to judge the value of contracts to growers.

Weed control for the plots was good, with just a few scattered weeds that did not influence plot yield.

For additional information, contact:

Greg La Barge
Ohio State University Extension, Fulton County
135 Courthouse Plaza
Wauseon, OH 43567
419-337-9210
labarge.1@osu.edu