Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet

Entomology

1991 Kenny Rd., Columbus, OH 43210

Field Corn Insect Pest Management

FC-ENT-0011-01

H.R. Willson
Associate Professor

J.B. Eisley
Research Associate

Insect pests impact corn yields by reducing corn stand; causing injury to root systems, foliage, stalks, and reproductive elements of corn plants; and enhancing corn diseases. In every corn field, one can detect signs of insect pest activity that may be contributing to a loss in stand or causing stress to the development of the crop. However, in many cases, injury due to an insect pest is marginal because the cost of preventive or corrective treatment may exceed the value of loss attributed to the pest problem.

The concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) emphasizes that decisions to apply preventive or corrective treatments to manage pest problems should be based on field observations, include a risk-benefit analysis of pest-management options, and consider the environmental effects of actions implemented. Given the scale of field crop production operations, perceived risk of potential losses due to insect pests, and time limitations of farm managers, corn pest-management practices tend to emphasize preventive actions that can be implemented at planting time. Corn pest management decisions often focus on:

• Use of a seed treatment.
• Need for a soil insecticide treatment at planting.
• Possible tank mixing of an insecticide with application of a pre-emergence herbicide treatment.
• Selection of a corn hybrid developed to prevent a specific pest problem.

After a crop has emerged, periodic monitoring of the crop may indicate a need for a post-emergence rescue treatment to control a specific pest problem, although the application of such treatments is relatively uncommon.

The insect pest complex of Ohio field corn includes many species that may cause injury to corn and reductions in yield (see Table 1). The risk of significant crop injury by many of the pests is generally low and the impact on yield is often of marginal economic importance. However, the potential impact of multiple pests on the corn habitat of a farm requires selection of a pest-management program of cultural practices and insecticide-use strategies that will economically reduce pest problems over time with minimal adverse impact on the environment.

Table 1. Insect Pest Complex of Ohio Field Corn.
Insect Pest	Pest Abbr.	Corn Stage or Site of Pest Injury
		Seed	Pre-Whorl	Root Sys.	Stalk		Foliar		Silk & Tassel	Ear & Shank
					Early	Late	Early	Late
Seedcorn Maggot	SCM	X
Seedcorn Beetle	SCB	X
Wireworm	WW	X	X	X
Grubs	G		X	X
Garden Symphylans	GS		X	X
Cutworms	CW		X		X		X
Stalk Borer	CSB		X		X		X
Webworms	WbW		X		X		X
Common Armyworm	CAW		X				X
Flea Beetle	FB		X				X
Billbugs	BB		X				X	X
Chinch Bugs	CB				X		X	X
Rootworm Lv	RW lv			X
Rootworm Ad.	RW ad							X	X
Japanese Beetle	JB								X
Corn Borer	ECB				X	X	X	X	X	X
Fall Armyworm	FAW							X		X
Corn Leaf Aphid	CLA							X	X
Corn Earworm	CEW									X
Pre-Whorl = Includes a combination of seeding and pre-whorl injury that may result in early stand loss.

Insect pest problems of field corn can often be linked with cultural practices for a crop. In addition, it should be noted that the incidence of a pest problem will vary from season to season, and some pest problems are more common than others (see Table 2). Recognition of corn habitats that may be at risk for specific pest problems plus awareness of the incidence of a pest problem for an area enables selection of appropriate pest-management strategies.

Table 2. Relative Risks and Incidence of Insect Pest Problems of Field Corn Habitats.
Insect Pest	Abbr.	Corn Habitat at Risk	Relative Incidence
Seedcorn Maggot	SCM	Tillage of high organic matter	Variable from year to year
Wireworm	WW	Corn > sod or small grains	Severe problems are uncommon
Grubs	G	Corn > sod or soybean if JB activity	Outbreaks tend to be cyclic
Slugs	S	Long term no-tillage habitats	Higher in late spring no-till plantings
Cutworms	CW	Corn > heavy winter annuals	Depends on migratory flights in spring
Stalk Borer	CSB	Linked to weedy conditions	More common in no-tillage fields
Webworms	WbW	Corn > green manure crops	Rarely occurs
Common Armyworm	CAW	No-till corn into grass stands	Rare but severe when it occurs
Flea Beetle	FB	Corn susceptible to Stewart's wilt	Outbreaks are sporadic
Billbugs	BB	Linked to grassy conditions	Rarely occurs
Chinch Bugs	CB	Linked to adjacent small grain crops	Rarely occurs
Rootworm Lv	RW lv	Cont. corn & 1st Yr in NW Ohio	Depends on cont. corn abundance
Rootworm Ad.	RW ad	Cont. corn & 1st Yr in NW Ohio	Depends on cont. corn abundance
Japanese Beetle	JB	May link to JB in soybeans	Variable
1st Brood Corn Borer	ECB	Early plantings more susceptible	Varies among regions
2nd Brood Corn Borer	ECB	Late plantings more susceptible	Varies among regions
Fall Armyworm	FAW	Late planted corn more susceptible	Depends on migratory flights in summer
Corn Leaf Aphid	CLA	Severe during drought conditions	Impact influenced by climate
Corn Earworm	CEW	Injury to field corn usually minimal	Depends on migratory flights in summer
">"= following

The history of the incidence of a pest problem on a farm can only be achieved by periodic monitoring and documenting of field observations over time. As information is accumulated on crop-rotation sequence, crop development, tillage practices, and presence of alternate weed hosts that influence pest populations, the potential for a pest problem can often be predicted.

Strategic Options for Use of Corn Pest Management Products

Commercial products marketed for corn pest management may be organized into five strategic categories based on the time of application and the pests targeted (see Table 3). Strategic treatment options include the following:

• Insecticide seed treatments traditionally target pests of corn seeds. New seed treatment formulations provide protection against additional soil-borne pests and may include suppression of pests of corn seedlings and corn root systems.
• Insecticide treatments at planting generally focus on protecting the corn stand from early-season pests and protecting the root system from rootworm injury. These treatments may be applied as a cultivation treatment, if not applied at planting. Sometreatments include systemic activity that will provide protection from stalk-boring insect pests.
• Pre-emergence insecticide treatments may be applied with pre-emergence herbicide treatments before or after planting to provide protection for the corn stand from various soil pests, especially cutworms, stalk borers, and armyworms.
• Foliar rescue treatments include all products that are applied as a post-emergence treatment to control stalk-boring or foliar-feeding pests. In general, foliar treatments are applied following detection of significant pest infestation that warrants corrective treatment.
• Transgenic corn hybrids have been engineered to produce toxins specifically targeted for control of specific pest species. Current Bt-corn technology targets the European corn borer and other lepidopterous pests that are susceptible to Bt endotoxins. Transgenic Bt-corn hybrids are under development for control of rootworm.

Table 3. Pest Management Strategy Options for Treatment of Field Corn Pests.
Insect Pest	Pest Abbr.	Pest Management Treatment Strategy Options				Transgenic
		Seed Trt.	At Planting	Pre-Emerge	Foliar Rescue
Seedcorn Maggot	SCM	XXX	XX	X
Seedcorn Beetle	SCB	XXX	XX	X
Wireworm	WW	XXX	XXX	X
Grubs	G		XXX	X
Cutworms	CW	X	XXX	XXX	XXX	EUP
Stalk Borer	CSB		XX	XX	XX
Webworms	WbW		X	XXX	XXX
Common Armyworm	CAW		X	XX	XXX
Flea Beetle	FB	XX	X	XX	XXX
Billbugs	BB			X	XXX
Chinch Bugs	CB				XXX
Rootworm Lv.	RW	X	XXX		XX	EUP
Rootworm Ad.	Bs				XXX
Japanese Beetle	Bs				XXX
Corn Borer	ECB	X	X		XXX	XXX
Fall Armyworm	FAW				XXX	X
Corn Leaf Aphid	CLA				XXX
Corn Earworm	CEW					X
XXX = Standard labeled target; XX = Secondary labeled target; X = Uncommon labeled target.
EUP = Experimental use permits granted to date.

Seed Treatments for Stand Protection and Rootworm Suppression

Until recently, seed treatments for prevention of stand losses were limited to products applied as planter-box treatments to control seedcorn maggot, seedcorn beetles, and wireworm causing seed injury and stand losses. The recent introduction of new treatments having systemic properties and new commercial seed treatment processes to enhance dosage levels of insecticides applied as seed coatings have expanded the range of insect pests that may be controlled or suppressed by seed treatments (see Table 4). As a result, new seed treatments may provide protection against a full range of pests causing potential stand losses plus suppression of grub and rootworm pests causing root-system injury.

Table 4. Seed Treatments for Stand Protection, Early Season Pests, and / or Rootworm.
Active Ingredient(s)	Seed Treatment	Seedbox or Commercial	Labeled Insect Pests of Corn
			SCM	SCB	WW	G	CW	FB	RW
diazinon	Diazinon Seed Treater	Planter Box	X	X
diazinon + lindane	Kernal Guard	Planter Box	X	X	X
imidacloprid	Gaucho	Commercial	X		X			X
	Prescribe	Commercial	X		X	X		X	X
lindane	Isotox F	Planter Box	X		X
	Sorghum Guard	Planter Box			X
permethrin	Kernal Guard Supreme	Planter Box	X	X	X
tefluthrin	Force ST	Commercial	X		X	X	X		X

Pre-Plant and Pre-Emergence Treatment Options for Stand Protection

Prevention of stand losses due to early-season pests such as cutworms, common stalk borer, armyworm, and other soil-based pests of corn may be achieved by the broadcast application of insecticides labeled for use as pre-plant or pre-emergence treatments. Such treatments are applied as tank-mixes with pre-plant or pre-emergence herbicide treatments. In the case of cutworm and stalk borer control, the efficacy of pre-emergence treatments is equivalent to that of using soil insecticide treatments at planting and is more effective than post-emergence rescue treatments. The latter are often applied too late to achieve maximum control of infestations. However, application of preventive treatments is only warranted where the annual risk of cutworm or stalk borer is high due to a combination of winter annual weed growth and tillage practices (no-tillage or late-spring minimum tillage). Listings of treatments labeled for use as pre-plant or pre-emergence treatments are given in Tables 5 and 6.

Table 5. Pre-Plant and Pre-Emergence Insecticide Treatments for Stand Protection Tank-Mixing with Herbicide Treatments.
Active Ingredient	Product Formulation	Insect Pests of Corn Targeted
		BCW	CSB	CAW
chlorpyrifos	Lorsban 4E	X
lambda cyhalothrin	Warrior T	X	X	X
permethrin	Ambush 2E	X	X	X
	Ambush 25W	X	X	X
	Pounce 1.5G	X	X
	Pounce 3.2EC	X	X	X
	Pounce 25WP	X	X	X

Table 6. Application Rates of Pre-Plant and Pre-Emergence Treatments for Stand Protection.
Active Ingredient	Product Formulation	Timing	Application Rate per Acre
			Formulation	Active Ingredient
chlorpyrifos	Lorsban 4E	Pre-plant	2 to 4 pt	1.0 to 2.0 lb
		At planting	1 to 2 pt	0.5 to 1.0 lb
lambda cyhalothrin	Warrior T	Pre-plant or Pre-emerge	1.92 to 3.2 fl oz	0.015 to 0.025 lb
permethrin	Ambush 2E	Pre-plant or Pre-emerge	6.4 to 12.8 fl oz	0.1 to 0.2 lb
	Ambush 25W	Pre-plant or Pre-emerge	6.4 to 12.8 oz	0.1 to 0.2 lb
	Pounce 1.5G	Pre-plant or Pre-emerge	6.7 to 13.3 lb	0.1 to 0.2 lb
	Pounce 3.2EC	Pre-plant or Pre-emerge	4 to 8 fl oz	0.1 to 0.2 lb
	Pounce 25WP	Pre-plant or Pre-emerge	6.4 to 12.8 oz	0.1 to 0.2 lb

The use of preventive treatments applied as pre-plant or pre-emergence treatments is regarded as an alternative to the use of soil insecticides at planting where the perceived risk of cutworm or common stalk borer is high. Corn planted no-till into old hayfields or rye cover crops should be regarded as having a high potential for armyworm. However, armyworm can be easily controlled by the use of foliar treatments, if detected on a timely basis. Cutworms and stalk-borer infestations can also be controlled effectively by foliar treatment, if detected in the very early stages of infestation.

Planting Time Treatments for Rootworm and Prevention of Stand Losses

Corn planted after corn and corn planted after soybeans exhibiting significant levels of first-year corn-rootworm activity are subject to economic injury by rootworm. The potential for economic rootworm injury in most first-year corn and many second-year corn habitats in Ohio is often low to marginal. In many cases, the combination of preventing stand loss due to a complex of soil pests (seedcorn maggot, cutworm, etc.) plus reducing rootworm injury will justify the use of a soil insecticide at planting time. In some areas having a high potential for seed maggot and cutworm stand loss, use of a soil insecticide at a reduced rate of application may be justified. Product efficacy for control of rootworm and secondary pests varies from product to product as indicated in Table 7. Some products exhibit systemic properties that provide control or suppression of stalk borer and corn borer.

Table 7. At-Planting and Post-Emergence Treatments for Rootworm.
ActiveIngredient	ProductFormulation	Labeled Insect Pests of Corn
		RW	WW	G	SCM	SCB	GS	CW	CSB	ECB
bifenthrin	Capture 2EC	X	X	X	X	X		X
carbofuran	Furadan 4F	X	X	X	X
chlorpyrifos	Lorsban 15G	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
	Lorsban 4E	X	X	X	X	X	X	X
chlorethoxyfos	Fortress 5G	X	X	X	X		X	X
ethoprop	Mocap 10G	X	X
	Mocap EC	X	X
fipronil	Regent 4SC	X	X		X	X	X		X	X
phorate	Thimet 20G	X	X
tebupirimphos plus cyfluthrin	Aztec 2.1G	X	X	X	X	X		X
teflurthrin	Force 3G	X	X	X	X	X		X
terbufos	Counter 20G	X	X	X	X	X	X

Application of soil insecticides varies from product to product. Most granular formulations of soil insecticides may be applied as either a T-band or in-furrow treatment at planting. In-furrow application reduces the risk of run-off and may improve efficacy of controlling seed maggot and other seedling pests. T-band application of products having cutworm efficacy generally improves efficacy of cutworm control. Most granular products can be applied as a post-emergence treatment where the product may be side dressed as a cultivation treatment.

The liquid Furadan rootworm treatment is most effective if applied as a post-emergence treatment at the time of rootworm egg hatch. Application of Fortress 5G is limited to use with a Smartbox application unit. Counter and Thimet formulations are marketed in closed-system containers to minimize applicator exposure to the granule products. Liquid treatments of Regent may be applied either as an in-furrow treatment using a microtube applicator or as a band with water or liquid fertilizer. Liquid Capture may also be applied as a T-band with or without liquid fertilizer. Application methods and rates of soil insecticide products applied at planting are summarized in Table 8.

Table 8. Application Rates of Soil Insecticides at Planting or as Post-Emergence Treatments.
Active Ingredient	Product Formulation	Application		Application Rate
		Timing	Method	Formulation	lb a.i. per acre
bifenthrin	Capture 2EC	At Planting	T-band	0.3 fl oz / 1,000 row ft	0.067
carbofuran	Furadan 4F	At Planting	Band	2.5 fl oz / 1,000 row ft	1.13
		At Planting	Broadcast	1 qt / acre	1
		Post	Band	2.5 fl oz / 1,000 row ft	1.13
		Post	Broadcast	1 qt / acre	1
chlorpyrifos	Lorsban 15G	At Plt. or cult.	T-band	8 oz / 1,000 row ft	1.09
	Lorsban 4E	At Planting	T-band	2.4 fl oz / 1,000 row ft	1.09
		At Cultivation	Side-dress	2.4 fl oz / 1,000 row ft	1.09
chlorethoxyfos	Fortress 5G	At Planting	Smartbox	3 oz / 1,000 row ft	0.136
ethoprop	Mocap 10G	At Plt or cult.	Band > wheel	12 oz / 1,000 row ft	1.09
	Mocap EC	At Planting	Band > wheel	1.67 fl oz/1,000 row ft	1.09
fipronil	Regent 4SC	At Planting	In-furrow	0.24 fl oz /1,000 row ft	0.109
phorate	Thimet 20G	At Planting	T-band	6 oz / 1,000 row ft	1.09
tebupirimphos plus cyflurthrin	Aztec 2.1G	At Planting	TB or IF	6.7 oz / 1,000 row ft	0.122 (teb) 0.006 (cyf)
teflurthrin	Force 3G	At Planting	TB or IF	4 oz / 1,000 row ft	0.109
terbufos	Counter 20G	At Plt or cult.	TB or IF	6 oz / 1,000 row ft	1.09
Cult = post-emergence cultivation side-dress; IF = in-furrow; TB = T-band. A.i. rates based on 36-inch row spacing where formulation rate cited per row ft.

It should be emphasized that the potential for rootworm injury is often linked to the presence of corn planted after corn. Therefore, every effort should be made to rotate on an annual basis, if possible. Numerous surveys have demonstrated that adult rootworm egg-laying activity is higher in continuous corn or in first-year corn adjacent or near continuous corn than in first-year corn that is isolated from continuous corn. Potential rootworm injury can be predicted by monitoring soybean or corn habitats that will be planted to corn the following season.

Alternative products for rootworm control have recently been introduced on the market. Two seed treatments have been developed that demonstrate suppression of rootworm injury (see Table 4). In addition, the marketing of transgenic Bt-corn for rootworm is anticipated in the near future (see Transgenic Bt-Corn Hybrids on page 7).

Foliar Treatments Applicable to Corn Pest Management

The application of insecticide products as foliar rescue treatments is relatively uncommon in Ohio. Foliar treatments may be applied on significant acreage during years of black cutworm, flea beetle, or European corn borer outbreaks. But the growing use of preventive seed or soil treatments at planting plus the advent of transgenic Bt-corn hybrids have significantly reduced the use of foliar treatments. In general, foliar treatments are applied as rescue treatments following detection, sampling, and assessment of a significant insect pest infestation. Methodology for sampling and assessment of post-emergence insect pests can be found in a series of corn pest management fact sheets (see the listing at the end of this fact sheet).

Effective control of economic infestations of insect pests depends on early detection and timely application of rescue treatments. Key stages of corn development that should be monitored include the following:

• Timely detection and assessment of black cutworm infestations require weekly inspection of a stand starting with the first signs of plant emergence.
• No-tillage corn planted in old stands of hay or rye cover crops should be monitored weekly until the mid-whorl stage.
• Bi-weekly inspection of corn in the mid-whorl stage will enable detection of first-brood corn-borer outbreaks.
• Root systems of corn in the late whorl stage (July) should be inspected to determine the prevailing levels of rootworm injury to evaluate future need for soil insecticide treatments.
• Corn in the tassel and early silk stage should be inspected bi-weekly for outbreaks of corn leaf aphid and silk-feeding beetles (adult rootworms or Japanese beetles) that may interfere with pollination. Visual observations of adult rootworm activity and use of yellow sticky traps at this point in time will indicate future need for soil insecticide treatments.
• Mature corn should be sampled prior to harvest to determine the annual impact of corn-borer injury on stalks and ears to determine future need for using transgenic Bt-corn.

Biopesticide Products Applicable to Corn Pest Management

Biopesticides applicable to field-corn pest management include product formulations of natural ingredients having a limited range of target pests. In the case of Bt products, target pests are primarily the European corn borer or other Lepidopteran pests that are susceptible to foliar treatments of Bt. Use of these products is generally limited to production of organic corn when a treatment for corn borer is needed but use of synthetic pesticide products is not an option.

Transgenic Bt-Corn Hybrids

A transgenic corn product is based on a specific event that has introduced a genetic package into a corn plant to produce a desired trait (such as production of a toxin to control specific pests). A transgenic product is registered with EPA as a biological plant pesticide. The registration process is similar to the registration of traditional chemical pesticides, but a label equivalent to that of synthetic pesticide products is not generated.

Prior to the year 2001, transgenic corn products were primarily limited to production of Cry proteins generated by Bacillus thuriengensis variety kurstaki. Transgenic corn hybrids developed to produce the endotoxin of Bt kurstaki target control of European corn borer and other lepidopteran pests of corn, such as the southwestern corn borer or corn earworm. To date, such corn hybrids have been commonly referred to as Bt-corn. In the near future, it is anticipated that Bt-corn hybrids will be marketed for control of rootworm or the control of both corn borer and rootworm where genetic traits of endotoxin production are stacked within a given corn hybrid.

Bt-corn hybrids producing endotoxins derived from Bt varieties kurstaki, tolworthi, or aizawai are very effective in controlling European corn borer and reducing stalk diseases that may be enhanced by corn-borer injury. Economic benefits of growing transgenic Bt-corn hybrids depend on the prevention of significant corn-borer infestations over time. As a result, in areas where economic injury by the target pest is marginal, payment of a premium for a Bt-corn hybrid may not be warranted if pest injury prevented does not generate a significant increase in average yield over time. However, in areas where significant yield losses are periodically attributed to the target pest and related diseases, prevention of such losses over time may justify production of transgenic Bt-corn hybrids.

Where transgenic-plant pesticide-producing corn hybrids are used, recommended resistant management practices must be followed to minimize the potential of the development of target pest populations that would be resistant to the plant pesticide. To date, resistant management stewardship programs require planting non-Bt corn on 20% of corn acreage within an area that includes transgenic Bt-corn.

Table 9. Post-Emergence Insecticide Products Applied as Foliar Treatments.

Active Ingredient

Product Formulation

Labeled Insect Pests of Corn

C

W

F

C

B

C

F

C

E

A

B

W

b

B

S

B

A

A

B

C

s

W

B

W

W

B

bifenthrin

Capture 2EC

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

carbaryl

Sevin XLR

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Sevin 4F

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Sevin 80S

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

carbofuran

Furadan 4F

X

X

X

chlorpyrifos

Lorsban 4E

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

dimethoate

Dimethoate 2.67EC

X

X

Dimethoate 4.0EC

X

X

Dimethoate 5

X

X

esfenvalerate

Asana XL

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

lambda cyhalothrin

Warrior T

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

malathion

Malathion ULV

X

methomyl

Lannate SP

X

X

X

X

Lannate LV

X

X

X

X

permethrin

Ambush 2E

X

X

X

X

X

X

Ambush 25WP

X

X

X

X

X

X

Pounce 3.2EC

X

X

X

X

X

X

Pounce 25WP

X

X

X

X

X

X

Table 10. Post-Emergence Foliar Treatment Application Rates and Pre-Harvest Limitations.
Active Ingredient	Product Formulation	Application Rate per Acre		Pre-Harvest Limitations
		Formulation	lb a.i.	Conditions	Days
bifenthrin	Capture 2EC	2.1 to 6.4 oz	0.033 to 0.10		30
carbaryl	Sevin XLR	1 to 2 qt	1.0 to 2.0	Grain corn	48
	Sevin 4F	1 to 2 qt	1.0 to 2.0	Forage corn	14
	Sevin 80S	1.25 to 2.5 lb	1.0 to 2.0
carbofuran	Furadan 4F	0.25 to 2.0 pt	0.125 to 1.0		30
chlorpyrifos	Lorsban 4E	0.50 to 3 pt	0.25 to 1.5	Grain corn	35
				Forage corn	14
dimethoate	Dimethoate 2.67EC	1.0 to 1.5 pt	0.33 to 0.5	Grain corn	42
	Dimethoate 4.0EC	0.67 to 1.0 pt	0.33 to 0.5	Forage corn	14
	Dimethoate 5	12.8 oz	0.31
esfenvalerate	Asana XL	5.8 to 9.6 fl oz	0.03 to 0.05		21
lambda cyhalothrin	Warrior T	1.92 to 3.20 fl oz	0.015 to 0.025		21
malathion	Malathion ULV	4 fl oz	0.31 lb		5
methomyl	Lannate SP	0.25 to 0.5 lb	0.225 to 0.45	Grain corn	21
	Lannate LV	0.75 to 1.5 pt	0.225 to 0.45	Forage corn	3
permethrin	Ambush 2E	6.4 to 12.8 fl oz	0.1 to 0.2		30
	Ambush 25WP	6.4 to 12.8 fl oz	0.1 to 0.2		30
	Pounce 3.2EC	4 to 8 fl oz	0.1 to 0.2		30
	Pounce 25WP	6.4 to 12.8 fl oz	0.1 to 0.2		30

Table 11. Biopesticide Products Labeled for Control of Corn Borer on Corn.
Active Ingredient	Formulation	Rate per Acre	Pre-Harvest Limitation
			Condition	Days
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)	Biobit 3.2% WP	1 to 3 lb
	Biobit 1.6% WP	2 to 5.5 lb
	Dipel 10G	5 to 10 lb
	Dipel ES	1.5 to 2.5 pt
	Javelin WG	1 to 1.5 lb
	MVP Bioinsecticide	1 to 4 qts
Spinosad	Tracer	1.0 to 3.0 fl oz	Grain or Fodder	28
			Forage	7

Table 12. Transgenic Plant Pesticide Products Applicable to Field-Corn Pest Management.
Protein Source	Cry Protein	Event	Brand Name	Target Pest	Expression in Corn and Use Restrictions
Registered Transgenic Products
Bt var. kurstaki	Cry1Ab	176	Knockout	ECB	Foliage and pollen
Bt var. kurstaki	Cry1Ab	176	NatureGard	ECB	Foliage and pollen
Bt var. kurstaki	Cry1Ab	BT11	YieldGard	ECB	Entire plant
Bt var. kurstaki	Cry1Ab	MON810	YieldGard	ECB	Entire plant
Bt var. kurstaki	Cry1Ac	DB418	BtXtra	ECB	Entire plant
Bt var. tolworthi	Cry9C	CBH351	StarLink	ECB plus	Limited to livestock feed
Registration Process Initiated
Bt var. aizawai	Cry1F	TC1507	n.a.	ECB plus
Bt var. tenebriensis	Cry3Bb		MaxGard	CRW

Field-Corn Pest Management Fact Sheets

This fact sheet has focused on a general compilation of information relevant to the use of commercial products currently available for use in field-corn pest management. Given the scope of pests, products, and pest-management strategies reviewed in this publication, limited attention has been attributed to the biology, assessment, and management of the specific pests of corn. This pest-specific information is included in additional fact sheets, which currently include the following:

Number	Title
FC-ENT-0011-01	Field Corn Insect Pest Management
FC-ENT-0012-01	Early-Season Pests of Field Corn
FC-ENT-0015-01	European Corn Borer
FC-ENT-0016-01	Corn Rootworm Management
FC-ENT-0017-01	Monitoring Western Corn Activity in Soybeans

For Additional Information

J. B. Eisley, Research Associate
Department of Entomology
The Ohio State University
1991 Kenny Road
Columbus, OH 43210
Phone: 614-292-3851
E-mail: eisley.1@osu.edu

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