Tables 10-16 provide estimates of the number of trips needed to transport all major enterprise outputs off site, including the number of trips necessary to move all animal manure. Because the number of trips needed to handle manure is highly sensitive to the manure-handling technology, we provide a trip estimate for four different technologies commonly employed in non-poultry enterprises.
Consider the output trips generated by a hog-finishing operation (Table 10). Column 2 calculates an annual trip estimate for finished hog outputs of 39 by dividing annual production of 7,000 head of finished hogs by a load capacity of 183 animals per truck. The trips needed for transporting manure varies from zero (column 4, liquid-manure system B) to 2,409 trips (column 6, solid-manure system). The liquid-manure system B moves all manure in liquid form via hose or other conveyance that does not use public roadways. The solid-manure system allows manure to dry before transporting it via large-scale spreader to its eventual location in a crop field. If the confinement operation also owns adjoining cropland, some of the manure may be transported to fields on private roadways; in such a case the number of trips should be prorated accordingly.
Note that trip estimates for poultry operations, listed in Tables 15-16, provide only an estimate for one type of manure-handling system. The variability of manure-handling systems for poultry operations is less than that for hogs and cattle, because poultry manure has a low percentage of liquid content; hence, liquid-manure systems are typically not used for such operations and are not considered here.
| Table 9. Total Annual Passenger-Vehicle Trips Potentially Generated by Labor and Management at Various New, Animal-Confinement Operations. | ||||
| Enterprise | Animal Units | Labor Needs | Annual Labor Hours | Annual Trips* |
| Hog Finishing | 1,000 | 0.4 hrs/head finished | 2,800 | 280 |
| Hog Farrowing | 1,000 | 4 hrs/litter | 20,000 | 2,000 |
| Hog Farrow-to-Finish | 1,000 | 6.8 hrs/litter | 4,250 | 425 |
| Steer Feedlot | 1,000 | 2.0 hrs/head | 2,400 | 240 |
| Dairy | 1,000 | 37 hrs/cow | 26,428 | 2,643 |
| Broiler | 10,000 | 2 workers/day | 7,300 | 730 |
| Layer | 10,000 | 15 workers/day | 54,750 | 5,475 |
| *Assumes one car trip taken for each 10 hours worked. | ||||
| Table 10. Output-Trip Requirements for 1,000 AU Hog-Finishing Operation under Four Assumptions Concerning Manure-Handling Systems. | |||||
| Finished Hogs | Manure (liquid-system A) |
Manure (liquid-system B) |
Manure (slurry system) |
Manure (solid system) |
|
| Annual Production | 7,000 | 7.2 million gal. | 7.2 million gal. | 3.21 million gal. | 1.44 million gal. |
| Annual Lbs. Hauled (Mil.) | 1.75 | 60.31 | 60.31 | 26.80 | 12.06 |
| Transport Vehicle | Possum-belly truck |
Spreader | Pumped via hose |
Spreader | Spreader |
| Load Capacity | 183 hogs | 4,000 gal. | – | 4,000 gal. | 600 gal. |
| Annual Trips Needed | 39 | 1,807 | 0 | 803 | 2,409 |
| Table 11. Output-Trip Requirements for 1,000 AU Hog Farrowing Operation under Four Assumptions Concerning Manure-Handling Systems. | ||||||
| Feeder Pigs | Cull Sows | Manure (liquid-system A) |
Manure (liquid-system B) |
Manure (slurry system) |
Manure (solid system) |
|
| Annual Production | 36,250 feeders | 825 sows | 16.92 million gal. |
16.92 million gal. |
7.52 million gal. |
3.38 million gal. |
| Annual Lbs. (Million) | 1.81 | 0.33 | 141.2 | 141.2 | 62.75 | 28.24 |
| Transport Vehicle | Possum-belly truck |
Possum-belly truck |
Spreader | Pumped via hose |
Spreader | Spreader |
| Load Capacity | 376 feeders | 122 sows | 4,000 gal. | – | 4,000 gal. | 600 gal. |
| Annual Trips Needed | 97 | 7 | 4,230 | 0 | 1,880 | 5,639 |
| Table 12. Output-Trip Requirements for 1,000 AU Hog Farrow-to-Finish Operation under Four Assumptions Concerning Manure-Handling Systems. | ||||||
| Feeder Pigs | Cull Sows | Manure (liquid-system A) |
Manure (liquid-system B) |
Manure (slurry system) |
Manure (solid system) |
|
| Annual Production | 4,375.0 Hogs | 103.1 sows | 7.31 million gal. |
7.31 million gal. |
3.25 million gal. |
1.46 million gal. |
| Annual Lbs. (Million) | 1.09 | 0.041 | 61.0 | 61.0 | 27.1 | 12.2 |
| Transport Vehicle | Possum-belly truck |
Possum-belly truck |
Spreader | Pumped via hose |
Spreader | Spreader |
| Load Capacity | 183 Hogs | 122 sows | 4,000 gal. | – | 4,000 gal. | 600 gal. |
| Annual Trips Needed | 24 | 1 | 1,828 | 0 | 813 | 2,437 |
| Table 13. Output-Trip Requirements for 1,000 AU Steer-Feedlot Operation under Four Assumptions Concerning Manure-Handling Systems. | |||||
| Steers | Manure (liquid-system A) |
Manure (liquid-system B) |
Manure (slurry system) |
Manure (solid system) |
|
| Annual Production | 1,200.0 | 7.57 million gal. | 7.57 million gal. | 3.36 million gal. | 1.51 million gal. |
| Annual lbs. (Million) | 1.50 | 63.18 | 63.18 | 28.08 | 12.64 |
| Transport Vehicle | Possum-belly truck |
Spreader | Pumped via hose |
Spreader | Spreader |
| Load Capacity | 31 steers | 4,000 gal. | 4,000 gal. | 600 gal. | |
| Annual Trips Needed | 39 | 1,893 | 0 | 841 | 2,524 |
| Table 14. Output-Trip Requirements for 1,000 AU Dairy Operation under Four Assumptions Concerning Manure-Handling Systems. | |||||||
| Bull Calves | Milk | Cull Cows | Manure (liquid-system A) |
Manure (liquid-system B) |
Manure (slurry system) |
Manure (solid system) |
|
| Annual Production | 321.4 calves | 714.0 cows | 235.7 cows | 11.88 million gal. |
11.88 million gal. |
5.28 million gal. |
2.38 million gal. |
| Annual Lbs. (Million) | 0.03 | 15.00 | 0.33 | 99.18 | 99.18 | 44.08 | 19.84 |
| Transport Vehicle | Livestock trailer |
Tanker truck |
Possum- belly truck |
Spreader | Pumped via hose |
Spreader | Spreader |
| Load Capacity | 20 calves | 55,000 lbs. |
25 cows | 4,000 gal. | – | 4,000 gal. | 600 gal. |
| Annual Trips Needed | 17 | 365* | 1 | 2,971 | 0 | 1,321 | 3,961 |
| *Assumes daily milk removal. | |||||||
| Table 15. Output-Trip Requirements for 10,000 AU Broiler-Chicken Operation. | ||
| Broilers | Manure | |
| Annual Production | 6.5 million broilers | 22.2 million lbs. |
| Annual Lbs. (Million) | 33.8 | 22.2 |
| Transport Vehicle | Semi-truck | Semi-truck |
| Load Capacity | 28,080 lbs. | 44,000 lbs. |
| Annual Trips Needed | 1,204 | 506 |
| Table 16. Output-Trip Requirements for 10,000 AU Layer-Chicken Operation. | |||||
| Eggs | Cull Hens | Manure | |||
| Annual Production | 25.2 million dozen eggs | 1 million hens | 26.1 million lbs. | ||
| Annual lbs. (million) | 3.4 | 4.5 | 26.1 | ||
| Transport Vehicle | Semi-truck | Semi-truck | Semi-truck | ||
| Load Capacity | 51,750 lbs. | 6,250 hens | 44,000 lbs. | ||
| Annual Trips Needed | 732 | 160 | 593 | ||
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