Ohio State University Extension Bulletin

Native Plants of Ohio

Bulletin 865


Large Trees (50-100' or more)



Scientific Name Acer nigrum Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Acer saccharum
Common Name black maple red maple silver maple sugar maple
Height 50-70' 40-60' 50-70' 50-70'
Ohio Distribution widespread widespread widespread widespread
Habitat rich woods, bottomlands moist areas, water margins, acid to neutral soils water margins and moist bottomlands forests, floodplains; neutral to slightly acidic soils
Features May be more tolerant of urban alkaline soils than A. rubrum. *(w) *(bd) Withstands wet or moist soil; prefers acidic soils; chlorosis possible in alkaline soils. *(w) *(bd) Fast-growing and adaptable to many soil conditions. Weak wood. *(w) *(bd) Best in fertile, moist soils. Widely planted in home landscapes, but not tolerant of urban conditions. *(w) *(bd)
Availability trade/ODNR trade/ODNR trade trade/ODNR
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow foliage: red foliage: yellow foliage: yellow, orange


Scientific Name Aesculus flava Betula lutea Betula nigra Carya cordiformis
Common Name yellow buckeye yellow birch river birch bitternut hickory
Height 60-75' 50-75' 40-70' 50-75'
Ohio Distribution south northeast, south southcentral widespread
Habitat fertile hills and bottomlands moist woods, cool, wooded slopes acidic soils, flat sandy bottomlands, water margins woodlands, dry sites
Features Distinctive bark, flowers and fruit. Prefers deep, moist, well-drained soil. Silvery yellow bark exfoliates in curly plates. Does well in acidic to alkaline soils. *(bd) *(w) Tolerant of wet and poor soils. Iron chlorosis in alkaline soils. *(bd) *(w) Slender tree with sulfur-yellow buds. Difficult to transplant. *(bd) *(w)
Availability   trade trade  
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: orange foliage: yellow foliage: yellow, brown foliage: yellow


Scientific Name Carya ovata Carya tomentosa Celtis occidentalis Diospyros virginiana
Common Name shagbark hickory mockernut hickory common hackberry common persimmon
Height 60-80' 50-60' 50-75' 35-60'
Ohio Distribution widespread northeast, south widespread south
Habitat moist or dry, well-drained loam rich, moist woodland, ridges, dry hills woods or sunny locations, rocky limestone soils moist, sandy sites, rocky fields and pastures, bottomlands, woods
Features Slow growth; shaggy bark. Adaptable. *(w) *(bd) Fragrant foliage. Difficult to transplant. *(w) *(bd) Tolerates urban stress, alkaline soils and a variety of soil textures. *(bf-l) *(bd) *(w) Grows well on low fertility, dry soils; good urban tree. Difficult to transplant. *(w) *(bd)
Availability     trade ODNR
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow foliage: yellow foliage: yellow foliage: yellow, violet


Scientific Name Fagus grandifolia Fraxinus americana Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus quadrangulata
Common Name American beech white ash red or green ash blue ash
Height 50-80' 50-80' 50-60' 50-70'
Ohio Distribution widespread widespread widespread southwest, northwest
Habitat moist, well-drained areas water margins, moist areas water margins, moist bottomlands, acidic soils rocky areas, dry, limestone soils
Features Deep glossy leaves; smooth grey bark, shallow root system. Prefers acidic soils. *(w) *(bd) Sensitive to moisture changes; pest and disease problems. Adaptable to a variety of environments including saline, dry or sterile soils. *(w) *(bd) Gray, fissured bark, gray buds. Tolerates poor to excessive drainage.
Availability   trade trade trade
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow-brown foliage: yellow, orange, violet foliage: yellow foliage: yellow


Scientific Name Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis Gymnocladus dioicus Juglans cinerea Juglans nigra
Common Name thornless honeylocust Kentucky coffeetree butternut black walnut
Height 30-70' 60-75' 40-60' 50-75'
Ohio Distribution widespread southwest, west widespread widespread
Habitat moist bottomlands, limestone soils, open or wooded pastures, rocky hillsides water margins, bottomlands, floodplains; limestone soils moist woods fertile, moist or dry soils in forests, lowlands or water margins.
Features Tolerates salt, alkaline or acidic soils and drought conditions. Insect and disease problems. Handsome, rough bark. Tough tree, will grow in dry or moist, urban sites. Slow grower; tolerates rocky, calcareous, dry soil. *(w) Must have fertile soils. Nuts and early leaf drop can be a nuisance. Difficult to transplant. *(w)
Availability trade trade trade trade
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow   foliage: yellow, red, violet  


Scientific Name Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tulipifera Magnolia acuminata Morus rubra
Common Name sweetgum tuliptree cucumbertree magnolia red mulberry
Height 60-75' 70-90' 50-80' 40-70'
Ohio Distribution south widespread east widespread
Habitat wet lowlands, forests, water margins, deep, fertile soils moist soils, water margins, forests fertile woodland soils, water margins fertile, moist soils, floodplains, prairies, hills, pastures
Features Brilliant fall foliage. Leave ample space for root system. Fast grower; requires fertile soil. *(hb) *(bf-l) Large (6-10") simple leaves and unique red fruits. Colorful red or purple fruits. Tolerates poor drainage. *(w) *(bd)
Availability trade trade    
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, violet, red (varies) flower: spring; yellow-orange/foliage: yellow, orange foliage: yellow foliage: yellow


Scientific Name Platanus occidentalis Populus deltoides Populus grandidentata Prunus serotina
Common Name sycamore eastern cottonwood bigtooth aspen wild black cherry
Height 75-100' 75-100' 50-70' 50-60'
Ohio Distribution widespread widespread widespread widespread
Habitat floodplains, water margins floodplains and bottomlands moist, fertile soils, water margins moist woods, rocky hillsides, wood borders, bottomlands
Features Tolerates flooding. Exfoliating bark and fruits can be a nuisance. Tolerates wet, dry or polluted sites. Rapid grower, but has soft, weak wood. *(bf) *(bd) *(w) Tolerates infertile, eroded, sandy or gravely soil, and dry, sunny sites. Fast grower. *(bf)*(bd)*(w) Can be weedy; grows in a variety of soils. *(hb) *(bf-l) *(bd)
Availability trade trade    
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color   foliage: yellow foliage: yellow flower: spring; white/foliage: yellow-red


Scientific Name Quercus alba Quercus bicolor Quercus coccinea Quercus macrocarpa
Common Name white oak swamp white oak scarlet oak bur oak
Height 50-80' 50-60' 70-75' 70-80'
Ohio Distribution widespread widespread east, central, south north, westcentral
Habitat deep, well-drained, acidic sites moist woodlands, bottomlands, beside water margins dry, sandy or rocky soils prairies, open areas, variety of conditions
Features Tolerates variety of soils; drought resistant. Difficult to transplant. *(bd) *(w) Tolerates moisture and drainage extremes--droughty to flooded. *(w) *(bd) *(bf-l) Tolerates infertile, shallow or dry soils. Difficult to transplant. *(w) *(bf-l) *(bd) Tolerates a variety of soils, pH levels and varying drainage conditions. *(w) *(bf-l) *(bd)
Availability trade trade trade trade
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: red, violet, brown foliage: yellow foliage: red


Scientific Name Quercus muehlenbergii Quercus palustris Quercus rubrum Quercus shumardii
Common Name chinkapin oak pin oak red oak shumard red oak
Height 40-50' 60-70' 60-75' 40-60'
Ohio Distribution west northcentral widespread west
Habitat dry hills, limestone outcrops, bottomlands bottomlands, acid soils, wet clay flats well-drained woods, acid soils stream terraces, ravine slopes
Features Does well in calcareous soils. Difficult to transplant. *(bd) *(w) *(bf-l) Fast-grower; prefers moist soils; tolerates standing water. Develops chlorosis in high pH soils. *(w) *(bf-l) *(bd) Fast-grower. *(w) *(bf-l) *(bd) Tolerates drought and alkaline soils. *(bf-l)
Availability trade trade trade trade
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color foliage: yellow, orange, brown foliage: red, brown foliage: red, brown foliage: red, brown


Scientific Name Quercus velutina Robinia pseudoacacia American linden  
Common Name black oak black locust (basswood)  
Height 30-60' 30-75' 60-80'  
Ohio Distribution widespread south north  
Habitat dry slopes or ridges, sandy soil wood borders, open pasture woods, prairies, open fields, moist soils  
Features Can grow in a variety of soils including infertile, dry sand or clay. Difficult to transplant. *(w) *(bf-l) *(bd) Fragrant, attractive flowers; quick-grower in most situations except very wet sites. Stems have 1/2-1/4 inch thorns. Considered weedy. *(bf-l)*(be) Fragrant flowers; prefers moist, fertile, neutral soils. Very shade tolerant; oval habit. *(be)  
Availability   trade trade  
Flower Season and Color/Fall Foliage Color   flower: spring; white foliage: yellow  

Quercus spp.   The Oaks

KEY: =RED denotes plant is toxic to humans. Features: *(x) = a food or cover benefit for...*(bf) = butterflies, *(bf-l) = butterfly larvae, *(w) = wildlife; *(bd) = songbirds; *(be) honeybees; *(hb) = hummingbirds. "Do not disturb in the wild." = plant is endangered (!!), threatened (!), or potentially threatened (.)


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