The term "treated" means given an application of a pesticide or subjected to a process designed to reduce, control or repel disease organisms, insects, or other pests that attack seed or seedlings grown from treated seed.
The kinds of seed that are normally treated with one or more pesticides are corn, peanuts, cotton, sorghum, wheat, oats, rye, barley, millet, soybeans (under some conditions), pine tree and most vegetable seed.
Diseases: (a) Seed rot-rotting of seed before germination. (b) Damping-off and seedling blight--soft rot of stem tissues near ground level and water soaking of seedling tissues. (c) Seedling wilt--gray coloration starting at the leaf tips and extending rapidly to the whole leaf, causing complete collapse of seedlings in 24 to 28 hours. (d) Root rot--water soaking, browning and sloughing of rootless. (e) Loose and covered smut of small grains.
Disease Organisms: (a) Pythium species, (b) Fusarium, (c) Diplodia, (d) Penicillium, (e) Helminthosporium, (f) Ustilago (smut), and (g) Rhizoctonia.
Cereal Grain Insects: Rice Weevil--Found in all grains, it is the most common and most destructive of the stored grain insects. A small snout beetle, it flies and sometimes infests grain in the field before harvest. The larva burrows into the heart of the kernel where it feeds and passes through the pupa stage. It emerges as an adult, cutting a small hole through the kernel (weevil exit hole).
Granary Weevil--This insect is very similar to the rice weevil and can only be distinguished from it by microscopic examination. It cannot fly.
Angoumois Grain Moth--The adult is a dull gray. The larvae bore into the kernel, pass through the pupa stage and emerge through a small round hole cut in the outer layer of the kernel. The moth breeds on the surface of the grain.
Lesser Grain Borer--This is a small beetle, dark brown to black with its head turned down under the front part of the body. It is a strong flier and can live under much drier conditions than most of the other stored grain insects.
Cadelle Beetle--This is one of the largest stored grain insects and is black in color. The larvae burrow into the woodwork of bins and can stay there to infest new grain. These larvae are white with black heads and two horny, black points at the end of their bodies.
Saw-Toothed Grain Beetle--This is a reddish-brown to black insect that has six saw-toothed prejections on each side of the front part of the body, visible under microscope.
Confused Flour Beetle--The confused flour beetle, saw-toothed grain beetle and flat grain beetle are commonly referred to as "bran bugs." The confused flour beetle is reddish-brown and is one of the most common storage insects both in elevators and mills.
Flat Grain Beetle--This is one of the smallest stored grain beetles. It is a flattened, oblong, reddish-brown beetle with an antennae about 2/3 as long as the body.
Indian-Meal Moth--This moth has wings that are reddish-brown, coppery luster on the outer two-thirds, with the rest light gray. The larvae may completely web over the surface of the infested grain. This moth is particularly common in corn storage and in packaged feed and meal.