As mentioned above, IPM uses three general control options - biological, chemical and cultural controls. These are our alternatives and we must understand the benefits and limitations of each option. Since we are dealing with ornamental landscape plants, most of the pest problems are a direct result of poor horticultural maintenance. In other words, plants placed in urban habitats or pushed during nursery production and are not suitably adapted are the ones most likely to be severely attacked by pests. Therefore, let us look at the cultural control option first.
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