Joyce A. Smith, Ohio State University Extension Clothing Specialist
Editor's Note: 'Beyond the Soundbite' is a column that provides information related to environmental issues popular in today's media.
"It will never happen to me" is the attitude many people take regarding skin cancer. But it does happen -- to 1 million Americans each year. More than 7,000 of the cases are fatal.
A primary cause of skin cancer is too much time in the sun. Sun damage to skin is cumulative. The amount of time you spend in the sun when you are 6 or 16 will live to haunt you when you are 60.
The thinning of the ozone layer around the Earth increases potential for sun damage. The sun's rays, without this protective layer, are more intense and increase the potential for damage. Although skin cancer is the most serious of potential problems, excessive sun exposure also can cause loss of elasticity and premature aging of skin, skin rashes, allergic reactions to drugs, impaired vision and cataracts, and the temporary discomfort and redness associated with severe sunburns.
Skin cancer occurs in three forms: basal, squamous and melanoma. Basal is identified by a pale, waxy skin eruption or by red, scaly patches. Squamous cells are scaly patches or nodules. Both of these cancers usually result from long term skin exposure and if treated early are seldom fatal.
Melanoma, on the other hand, is very serious and accounts for 76 percent of all skin cancer deaths. Typical melanoma cancers are dark, black or brown patches on the skin and may be confused with a mole. Any new or abnormal growth or changes in moles should receive immediate medical treatment. When diagnosed and treated early, melanoma can be prevented.
Melanoma often occurs in individuals who experience severe sunburns at infrequent intervals, such as on vacation. People with sensitive skin who burn easily are at particular risk. However, individuals who generally have dark skin tones should not have a false sense of safety.
Many drugs or facial preparations can increase photosensitivity in persons who otherwise tan readily. Drugs known to increase sensitivity to sunlight include antibacterial agents found in medicated soaps and facial preparation, acne treatments, antihistamines, antidepressants, tranquilizers, antibiotics, diuretics, and anti-hypertension drugs.
Other products that increase photosensitivity in some individuals include perfumes, cosmetics and even suntan lotions. The result might simply be skin eruptions. But, sun exposure can affect the behaviors of individuals with metabolic or pulmonary problems, malnutrition, and high blood-alcohol levels. Whenever individuals have been in the sun for long periods, be aware of any abnormal behaviors.
Guard against potential problems from sun exposure. Elbow or full-length sleeves provide some protection, especially when made from tightly woven fabrics rather than open weave gauze fabrics or knits. Hats with full 4-inch brims shade the face, neck and ears. And, regular application of sunscreen products is recommended.
Most sunscreens feature ratings from 1 to 15, although some may go higher. Ratings of 8 or more provide the most protection. The higher the number, the longer and better the protection. Reapply sunscreens during periods of excessive sweating. Even though some products are water resistant, reapplying after swimming or other water activities is encouraged.
Being outdoors in the sunshine can lift the spirits, but be sensible while enjoying these activities. A little protection can make a lifetime of difference.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Keith L. Smith, Associate Vice President for Ag. Adm. and Director, OSU Extension.
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